Birth Control and Adolescents free essay sample

A review and evaluation of three articles on teenage pregnancy. The paper is built around three articles on teenage pregnancy, each of which are transcribed at the end of this essay. Using the articles as a backdrop, the issue of birth-control for adolescents is explored. It deals with issues such as the emergency birth-control pill and preventative contraception. The articles are then evaluated in terms of their worth on the subject of contraception and changes and improvements are suggested for the articles. Conclusions are made about the benefits of circulating these articles to both parents and teenagers. The three articles discussed teenage pregnancy. It states that parents can close their eyes and pretend their teens are not having sex, but most of them are. In the article, Going Past Just Say No, it discussed how federal programs are provided to tell teens to Say No, but educators are not all allowed to discuss ways to prevent pregnancy. We will write a custom essay sample on Birth Control and Adolescents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Americans are unsure about what to do about teens and pregnancies. California is one state that refused federal money because they teach their teens about abstinence and birth control. The discussion of abstinence will be discussed again with the government in coming months. If they could remember how their sexual urges bothered them maybe they would consider birth control programs.

Combination Printing †Henry Peach Robinson Essay

Combination Printing – Henry Peach Robinson Essay Free Online Research Papers Combination Printing – Henry Peach Robinson Essay In Henry Peach Robinson’s writing on combination printing, it is interesting to see that the methods designed to give â€Å"greater facilities for representing the truth of nature† actually mean that the full indexicality (what many would see as the basic ‘truth’ of photography) is lost or compromised. It seems that he doesn’t view reality as being captured in the faithful reproduction that a camera gives (although, of course, methods and the sophistication of the instrument were such that the image gained was less ‘true to life’ than that which we are now used to) but as an ideal to be (re)created in photography. In this we see an almost Platonic view where the most perfect forms are the ‘truest’. To a certain extent this is similar to Mannerism, working to create a harmonious perfect whole by taking the best parts of other artists and life, and putting them together, an example of which philosophy we see in Robinson’s Somebody’s Coming (1895). This method, to Robinson’s mind, supported his cause to be seen as an artist and not just an operator of a machine for reduplicating reality; the hand of the artist is not directly seen (the photo should be seamless) but the result shows that it was in action nonetheless. Research Papers on Combination Printing – Henry Peach Robinson EssayMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBringing Democracy to AfricaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Domestic Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Domestic Terrorism - Essay Example In the movie, the Klans acts were terrorism. Terrorism means to cause terror. Burning crosses, throwing fire bombs into houses, and murdering civilians without a legal reason amounts to terrorism. The sole purpose of these acts were to drive fear into the Civil Rights activists and the African Americans in Mississippi. The reason for this terrorism was to force a frightened public, white or black, to accept Jim Crow laws in Mississippi. Compared to terrorism today, similarities can be seen. 9/11 was orchestrated by Osama bin Laden to cause fear in Americans by murdering civilians. Middle Eastern suicide bombers in Iraq, Israel, and Palestine kill civilians in an effort to scare the civilian population. These terrorists act to pressure civilians to pressure politicians to withdraw from territory, or other issues on their agenda. There is no difference from a terrorist today and a Ku Klux Klan member that acted in a terroristic way in the Civil Rights era. Terrorism is a crime, but there are differences in defining crime. For example, murder, extortion, kidnapping, and terrorism are crimes. Crime is an illegal activity. Terrorism is definitely a criminal activity. The reason the Civil Rights activist murders, fire burning, and the cross burning was terrorism is the Ku Klux Klans intention. Terrorisms goal is to create fear and panic. Sometimes it succeeds, or other times it has the opposite effect. The Ku Klux Klans terrorism in the Civil Rights era inspired resistance. I do not believe every Ku Klux Klan member was a terrorist. Only the ones who acted in a terroristic manner or committed a terroristic crime were terrorist. For example, Ku Klux Klan members who got together to speak on White Pride, burning crosses on their own property, or how much they hated African Americans are not committing crimes. As disgusting as it is, the First Amendment gives the right to free speech, even hate speech. Burning a cross on your

Utopian Societies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Utopian Societies - Research Paper Example It is a fact that many people from all over the world were staying in America without facing much discrimination before the 9/11 incident. But after 9/11, some people are facing stiff challenges in America, especially the Muslim population. In other words, circumstances preventing the formation of an ideal society everywhere. The concept of Utopian society has come from Plato’s republic. It is a conceptual society which is free from aggression, war, hate, and crime and work for the establishing peace, law and order in every aspect of social life. The major objective of Utopian society is to work for the human betterment. Moreover utopian society ensures equality and stress free life of all human beings in every aspect of human life. The major drawback of utopian society was their handling of outsiders. While they were keeping all the ethical standards within the society, they were not so in treating the outsiders. This paper briefly analyses the major concepts of utopian society in order to find an answer to the question whether this concept is good or evil in the contemporary world. Serra (2010) has mentioned that the Utopian society would be free of ignorant bully types, perverts, dishonest slugs who have no conscience, those with greed, hostilities, and the list goes on. No one sees color or nationality. No bad racial feelings, just good people enjoying each other’s company (Serra). In a utopian society, people enjoys freedom, liberty and equality in all the respects. In other words, the equality in all sense, prevent the chances of any problems in a utopian society. Laws and governments have no role at all in a utopian society. People live at their will in such a society. Utopian society helps a person to lead a free life in its all sense. The words, Crime and punishments are not in the dictionary of a utopian society. In a utopian society, the government holds only the secondary position. Society has the upper hand compared

Quantum Computing the Future Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Quantum Computing the Future - Research Paper Example This paper presents a detailed analysis of quantum computing. Quantum computing is a significant area of present-day research aimed at establishing computer related tools and machines based on the rules and regulations of quantum theory In this scenario, the quantum theory outlines the environment and performance of material and energy on the quantum, both at the atomic and subatomic level. . In addition, the quantum computing is not a new idea since it was first emerged in the 1970s. Moreover, the quantum computing is basically based on the ideas of quantum physics. For instance, it utilizes the properties of atoms offered by definite quantum physics theories to allow them to get together in form of quantum bits, which can be used for computer's processing (Stewart, 2011; Pawliw, 2010; Webopedia, 2011). This paper discusses the role of quantum computing, its history and future developments. The basic purpose of this research is to explain the role and importance of quantum computing in modern day information technology. Introduction The large volume of computing processing capabilities has been produced by high speed processing machines; however makers of these machines have not so far been capable to satisfy our desires for speed as well as processing competence. During 1947, American computer engineer Howard Aiken stated that only 6 electronic digital computers would convene the computing requirements of the U.S. Others have prepared comparable bad forecasts regarding the power of computing power that would facilitate their rising hi-tech requirements of processing capabilities (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000), (Spector, 2007) and (Spector, Quantum computing, 2008). Additionally, the developments have evolved since individuals found novel methods of using a variety of substantial resources like that forces, supplies as well as energies. In this scenario, the narration of computer and information processing technology has engaged a series of transformations of phy sical comprehension from mechanism to regulators to transistors to ICs and much more. Additionally, nowadays superior lithographic methodologies are able to compress portion of micron, broad logic gates as well as wires onto the exterior of silicon technology chips. In addition, quickly they will produce even lesser portions as well as certainly arrive at a level where logic gates are very short sized that they are created out of simply a small number of atoms (Bakir, 2011), (Franklin & Chong, 2004) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). Furthermore, while working at atomic level that follows the policies of quantum mechanics is fairly dissimilar from the traditional policies that decide the characteristics of traditional logic gates. Consequently, if computers are to turn out to be smaller in the upcoming period, quantum technologies have to put back or add-up with what we are using at present. Here, the main idea is that the quantum technology is able to present a great deal more than cra mming increasingly bits to silicon chip as well as increasing the clock-speed of computer technology microprocessors. Moreover, it is as well able to help in latest type of calculations by providing qualitatively novel algorithms foundational upon quantum theory based standards (Bakir, 2011), (Franklin & Chong, 2004) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). This paper presents a detailed overview of quantum computing. This research will cover the historical background of quantum comput

Principles of Musharakah and Mudarabah

Principles of Musharakah and Mudarabah Musharakah and Mudarabah written in the books of Islamic fiqh generally means contracts which are formed for starting a joint venture in which all partners participate in the business from starting till end when assets are liquidated. The books of Islamic fiqh were written in an environment when there were only small trades and no large scale businesses took place. The principles of Musharakah and Mudarabah can be applied to small as well as large scale commercial enterprises. The basic principles of Musharakah and Mudarabah are as follows: Musharakah and Mudarabah financing is not interest based Financier /investor must share loss to the extent of their investment Profit is distributed according to the agreed ratio with their mutual consent, but the sleeping partner cant claim more than the ratio of his investment Loss suffered by partner is exactly according to the proportion of his investment For financing a project, the traditional method of Musharakah and Mudarabah can be easily applied. If a Financier wants to finance the whole project, he can use Mudarabah financing and if some parties want to finance the project jointly, they can adopt Musharakah financing. It is very easy to evaluate the capital if the Musharakah or Mudarabah have been effected since inception of the project. In case of Musharakah if any partner wants to withdraw from the business, the other partners can purchase his share at an agreed ratio. The partner can thus either fully own the business on his own or can sell the share of the partner who withdrew his capital to other person who can substitute the withdrawing financier Securitization of Musharakah Musharakah financing can be securitised easily, in case of big projects a huge sum is required which a few people cant afford. Every person investing is given a Musharakah certificate which represents the amount of money he has invested in business. After the start of the business and buying non liquid assets, the certificates can be treated as negotiable instruments which can be sold in the secondary markets. However, if all the assets of Musharakah are in liquid form, buying and selling of these certificates is not allowed because as all the assets are in liquid form and exchange of such assets means exchanging money for money, and for exchanging money for money both must be equal. Access from any side is Riba, which is prohibited in Islam In case if the money invested is invested in non-liquid assets as land, machinery etc. the Musharakah certificate will represent the portion of ownership in those Assets. In this of assets being in non-liquid form, it will be allowed by the shariah to sell certificates in the secondary market on any price agreed upon by the parties with their mutual consent In case the assets in the business are a mixture of liquid and non-liquid assets most of the schools of thoughts including shafii have allowed trading only if the size of non-liquid assets in the whole business is more than 50%. However, if the Hanafi view is adopted, transaction if valid even if the non-liquid assets are less than 50% but the amount must be greater than liquid assets and non-liquid assets must not be negligible Financing of a single transaction The principles of Musharakah and Mudarabah can be easily used for financing a single transaction. It can be applied for fulling day to day needs of small traders as well as for import and export transactions. An importer can approach financier for financing him for importing goods for a single transaction. Banks can also finance for importing goods. If the letter of credit has no restrictions, Mudarabah can be followed and if the letter of credit has restrictions, Musharakah suits for such case. After selling the imported goods, the sales proceed can be shared by the financier and the imported on an agreed ratio When finance is required for working capital of a already running business, the principles of Musharakah can be applies in the following ways Before investing in the running business the capital of the business can be evaluated by the mutual consent. As according to Imam Malik, non-liquid assets can also form a part of capital so, this view can be applied here. The value of the already running business will be the share of one partner and the amount of investment by the financier will be his share. The profit given to the financier is agreed upon by both the parties which should not exceed the amount of his investment. The Musharakah can be for a limited period of time like 6 months, one year, two years, after the completion of the term both the liquid and non-liquid assets are evaluated again and profit may be distributed on the basis of evaluation Sharing of gross profit Financing by the method above can be very difficult in case the business is big and has large number of fixed assets, because the valuation of the assets, their appreciation or depreciation may create accounting problems which can cause disputes among partners. In this case Musharakah may be applied in another way In this scenario, difficulty arise due to calculation of indirect expenses like salary of staff, depreciation of machinery etc. For solving such problem only direct expense like raw material, labour, etc. Shall be borne by the Musharakah. It means all the indirect expenses shall be borne by the industrialist and instead of net profit, gross profit shall be shared among the partners. In order to compensate the industrialist, the percentage of his profit may be increased Running musharakah account on the basis of daily products Most of the financial institutions finance working capital by opening a running account from where the client draws the money at different intervals and returns surplus money. This process of credit and debit goes on and up to date of maturity. interest is calculated on the basis of daily products For making such arrangement possible for Musharakah Financing, following procedure may be suggested A portion of the actual profit must be used for management of the business A portion of the profit must be used for paying the investors Loss must be borne by the investor in the exact ratio of their investment in the business The average of the contribution made to the musharakah account on daily basis must be treated as the share capital of the financier Profit earned at the end of the term must be calculated on daily product basis, and must be distributed among the partners accordingly If parties allow such arrangement, it does not seem to violate any principles of Musharakah However, this needs to be looked into by the experts of Islamic jurisprudence. Practically, it means the parties have agreed to the principle that the profit earned at the end of the agreed time will be divided by the capital utilized per day. Which will lead to average of money earned on daily. The amount of money earned per day will then multiplied by the total number of days the money is invested by the partner for the calculation of his actual profit Some of the scholars do not allow this method as this method does not reflect the calculations of the actual profit earned by a partner of the Musharakah. The business may have earned a huge profit during the time a partner had no investment at all or share of his investment would be negligible but he will be paid at par with the other partners who had invested a huge sum of money. Similarly, the business may have suffered a great loss when a particular partner had invested huge amount of money and he will pass on loss to the other partners despite of their no investment during the loss or having invested negligible amount of money The answer to the argument is that it is not necessary for the partners in Musharakah that they earn profit on the amount of their investment only. Once the Musharakah takes place the profit earned by the business are earned by all the partners despite whether their money in invested in the business or not. This is generally true for the Hanafi school of thought,ÂÂ   which does not make it necessary for a Valid Musharakah that the money invested by the partners are together mixed up

Investigation Into Osmosis :: Papers

Investigation Into Osmosis Aim === The aim of this experiment is to compare the change of mass of potatoes when they are in a Starch and water solution. The reason the mass would changes is due to osmosis. Introduction ============ [IMAGE] Osmosis is the process of water passing from a region of high concentration of water, through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. Osmosis occurs when there is more water on one side of the cell than the other. In the example to the right the small blue particles represent water. There are more of the small blue particles on the left-hand side so the number of water molecules on each side would even out until the water cells are in equilibrium. The experiment we are doing is to see how much of the water has diffused and how much mass the potato lost or gained. Variables ========= I chose to investigate the mass of potato and volume of solution lost or gained when potato is put in water/ sucrose solution. The variables I didn't change were:  · Start volume of solution  · Start mass of potato  · Surface area of potato  · Amount of sunlight  · Length of time  · Type of potato  · Temperature The variables that I changed were:  · Concentration of sucrose/ water solution. Preliminary work ================ We did a preliminary experiment to check that the measurements and amount time would give us clear enough results. Method ====== We took three test tubes with 10ml solution in each. One with 0M sucrose One with 0.5M sucrose and the other with 1M sucrose, a test tube rack, three bungs and three pieces of potato. We weighed the three pieces of potato and cut them down to make them the same mass to make it a fair test. Then we made the water/ sucrose solution using these measurements:

Cost Leadership Essay

Any organization in order to survive in a highly competitive market should be able to achieve sustainable growth and profitability. Companies that have managed to reduce costs and understand the cost technology can obtain sustainable advantage as a cost leader. In order for any company to become a cost leader is important that the cost technology is understood and the five constituent steps are implemented and followed by the management. The five steps towards obtaining a cost leader advantage are: (1) Distinguish between economies of scale, size and scope, (2) Increase average productivity of labour, (3) Normalize wage structure, (4) Control more of the production costs, (5) Demarcate between excess and reserve capacity. Implementing those steps can take several years (even decades) e.g Canon. A company has achieved economies of scale when the average cost (AC) declines as output increases meaning that the marginal cost of the last unit produced must be less than the average cost. In cases that capacity is constrain then AC cost curves are U shaped and cost reduces up to the Minimum efficient scale (MES). This is indicated in FIGURE 1. On the other hand when capacity does not prove to be constrain and each facility operates efficient then average costs curves can be L shaped. Even beyond MES average costs will not raise. FIGURE 2. So it is essential that companies build up their capacity, expand their plants or build new ones. A company has achieved economies of scope when savings are achieved as it increases the variety of products so the total cost of a company producing both products x and y is less than two companies producing products x and y or : TC(Qx,Qy) < TC(Qx,0) + TC(0,Qy). Is essential for a company to keep variable costs constant and at the same time try to achieve economies of scope. Keeping costs constant and having economies of scope can lead a company of becoming the cost leader. Steps 2,3,and 4 as mentioned above is very important for any company that wishes to reduce costs. Step 2 is focusing in increasing average productivity of the labour e.g. by keeping in the company the most productive personnel while encouraging the least productive to leave the company, while step 3 is focusing in wage normalization e.g. fixed monthly salaries and bonus payments only related to increasing productivity. Average variable costs (AVC) has an inverse relation to average productivity (AVC=w/APL) where w is the wage proxy. By increasing productivity and normalizing wages (w=1) a company will eventually reduce average variable costs. Step 4 is among the most important in order a company to become a cost leader. This step is focusing in controlling and reducing production costs. Reducing production costs is a complicated function and many parameters should be taken under consideration form the management of any company. Among others, management should consider the complete supply chain process, the degree of vertical integration and define their vertical boundaries, decide what products and services will produce in house or subcontract to a supplier, find ways to reduce transactional costs, hedge positions on raw materials, establish long term relations and long term contracts with suppliers. Contracts with sub-suppliers supplies should be written in detail and be as accurate as possible including clauses for as many as possible eventualities may occur. Also establishing strategic alliances and join ventures can reduce transaction cost and eventually production costs. Reducing production costs is also related on running the plants as efficient as possible. Reduce inventories to minimum, optimize production lines, improve or even ‘automate’ communications between departments, suppliers and distributors, automating production lines, and reduce fixed costs. Actually reduction of production costs can be done in every step of the production from purchasing raw materials to final shipment of goods. Detail analysis and planning of all production steps will provide management with the right information and solutions on how production can be optimized and costs can be reduced. Finally in step 5 companies can have the production determine the demand. In this step size is not a constraint, companies have already reserve capacity and operate at the MES point or even on the right side of the MES.. (FIGURE 3) By having reserve capacity and being able to have production determine the demand companies can influence the demand curve of their products towards being inelastic. Any company that has managed to become the cost leader in its industry will have the ability and should be prepared to allow production determine the demand and have reserve capacity. This will prevent lagging sales and reduce carrying inventory to minimum. Over the last years more and more companies are focusing on costs, how those can be controlled and what measures should be taken in order costs to be reduced. Being able to reduce costs and in combination with economies in scale (neo classical model) and economies of scope (game theory) a company can become the cost leader in its industry. It is very important that a company can be the cost leaser in a game and in many cases companies camouflage this advantage so it is not revealed to competitors. Being a cost leader a company can obtain sustainable advantage, will have the capacity to ‘play the game’ longer and be able to determine the demand curves of their products.

Write a great resume even if you’ve never had a job

Write a great resume even if you’ve never had a job Looking for a job can feel like a catch-22: to get a job I need experience, but to get experience I need a job. And if you’re a student with no work experience or otherwise entering the workforce for the first time, how do you deal with that on a resume? You can’t just hand in a blank sheet with your name and address at the top. But don’t panic- you’ve got more than you think you do. Find experience in other places.You don’t have much full-time work experience yet, but you likely have experience in other areas. Have you volunteered? Are you a member of any clubs? Do you have any unpaid internships or other experience that’s close, but not quite, paid working experience? Any part-time jobs?Those may not be direct lines to the job for which you’re applying now, but you can talk about the skills and experiences you’ve had that have prepared you. Even hobbies may have a place here, as long as they’re relevant to the job you w ant- and, more importantly, appropriate. (Think â€Å"playing the violin† and not â€Å"crushing it on Xbox Live.†)For example: if you babysit on weekends, that shows responsibility. If you volunteer at the senior center sometimes, play up responsibilities and the skills you’ve learned and used there (like people skills or patient care skills). If you get to use your ninja math and organization skills as the treasurer of a club, definitely include that on your resume.Use academic experience.If you’re just starting out, whoever’s reading your resume likely understands that you’re light on experience. Academic courses and experience can come in handy here, especially if you’ve taken classes or become certified in the field where you’re trying to get a job. Don’t list every class you’ve ever taken, but a targeted list of relevant academic experience can help fill out your resume.Play up your skills.Here’s wher e you lean on personal qualities instead of personal experience. Bilingual? List it. Can do a vlookup like nobody’s business? That’s Excel expertise- list it.And if you’re feeling light on skills as well as experience, don’t sweat it. Skills are something you can build with time and effort, not just prior experience. You don’t need work experience to take a class on coding or public speaking. And those are skills that look great on a resume- ones you can highlight.Build your brand.It can be hard to develop a professional brand if you don’t yet have a job, but there are some things within your control here. If you’re interested in getting a job in graphic design, build a site where you can showcase your work. If you’re interested in social media, build up your presence and focus your energies on developing a professional network in the field in which you want to work.Bottom line: you have more experience than you think you do. W hen you’re building a resume without the luxury of having work experience, look at all aspects of your life for skills and bullet points that you can use to show you’re an awesome entry-level candidate.

Waiting for her Essays

Waiting for her Essays Waiting for her Essay Waiting for her Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Waiting for her I still yearn for more from you my friend. Through the day and in the night I see you, Walking besides me in this walk of life Dreams and hopes fill my entire life For every day, I think of you. Memories we cannot erase For good overcomes the evil, We bare your marks of love, The presence that many desire In life, it is normal to part for periods, However, it should not be forever for related people, I promised that I would never leave you, Forever I confess you are the reason. This is why my life revolves around you, Many days have been patiently waiting, And I will never give up on you in all the days. Through short interaction we shared, You gave my life a new meaning. Much expectation I did not fulfill, But definitely, my best you acquired. In the midst of challenges you stood for me, You encouraged me and gave me hope, What shall I do to show my gratitude? I feel unworthy to express my anxiety. Above all, I am waiting for you. Many things have occurred since you went away, My mother keeps on enquiring your whereabouts. The choir is missing your beautiful voice, The Christian union is still missing your word, We need your presence at all the cost. In the sunrise I will confess of your love, The sunset will bring your presence. Stars in the night align in your name, Forever you dwell in us. A lonely journey that I trend without vision, Every thing that I own cries your name. I am getting older as the days go by, My weak soul require your awakening, Draw me closer to you I seek your comfort in my life. Without you I feel weak and unworthy, Take heed to bring back my worth. Your presence is important for all not only in me, I hearken my steps to meet you. Your presence is welcomed in our lives, Indeed this life is impossible without you, Patiently I wait for you.

Quality in Health Care Administration Research Paper

Quality in Health Care Administration - Research Paper Example The primary role of the Manager-Patient Services is to ensure that the needs of all patients in the hospital are successfully met by effectively collaborating with the medical departments (pharmacy, diagnostics, laboratory, medical records department, nursing, and therapy) and non medical (housekeeping, F&B, security, engineering, personnel, finance, IT and materials). The day to day responsibilities include: In order to provide quality care to external customers viz. patients, the service delivery process has to be made seamless. Both, while implementing a service for the first time, or improving existing service, based on customer feedback, the service delivery process is studied and changed. It involves defining and documenting the process, communicating and then implementing the same. This is followed by feedback to trigger control mechanism and make necessary changes to the process so that desired outcomes are achieved. 1. Define and document the service delivery process: Once a process has been identified which helps in service delivery, its is discussed with the key team members who are involved at the various stages of service delivery to understand the way the process works and brainstorm for ideas that could make it work better. It also helps in ensuring that their acceptance and willingness to implement the process is achieved without which even the best designed processes can fail. 2. Train the staff- Once there is acceptance on the process, it is documented and communicated to all team members. The staff who are the key members of the process, are then trained to work in accordance with process objectives to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved. 3. Measure the outcomes against what was originally planned: this helps in analysing if the defined process is really working or not. Once implemented, the process is monitored and feedback is received to check whether the process is achieving its objectives at regularly defined intervals.  

Utilitarianism and morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Utilitarianism and morality - Essay Example This theoretical standpoint was reiterated by Jeremy Bentham who made the proposition that an action is right in proportion as it tends to promote pleasure or happiness, and (an action is also) wrong as it tends to produce the reverse of the happiness. Taking a Position on whether Utilitarianism Is Correct to Condone These Actions, Given the Circumstances It is not agreeable that utilitarianism is right to condone these actions, depending on circumstances. One of the reasons why one may disagree with utilitarian’s act of condoning some actions is because, fundamentally, utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. This is seen in the utilitarians’ postulation which states that pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things that are desirable as ends. In this light, an action is regarded as morally wrong or right, depending entirely on its consequences. In this light, an action is considered morally right if it produces the best outcome of choices that have been ava iled. The flipside of this is that if an action does not produce the best outcome, then it is not right. According to Sedaris, the import of the foregoing is that actions are regarded as morally right if the greatest number benefit from it, yet there are instances where morally right standards or values may not be popular among the masses but among a few. An apt example which repudiates utilitarians’ consequentialist approach is democracy.... This is because the ethics and morality have fundamentals that surpass the concept of gain. An action is right not because it benefits the greatest number but because it is, in its essence, legitimate. It is not, for instance, ethically or morally right for an organization to whimsically decide to punctiliously trim employees’ emoluments on the mere account that such a move will increase the organization’s profit margin and shareholders’ dividend. Even if the employees being shortchanged may be few and too weak to defend themselves or resist the move and the organization have accrued increased profits, the move remains intrinsically immoral since it amounts to the betrayal of an already operational agreement or contract between the employee and the employer. Similarly, the move remains immoral simply because it amounts to the exploitation of the weak and not because it merely does not benefit the greatest number. Again, utilitarians’ act of condoning an ac tion based on the fact that it benefits the greatest number is unacceptable,simply because it reduces human beings and the concept of morality to a matter of statistics. As long as the beneficiaries outweigh the number of the shortchanged, then that action is regarded as legitimate, and the shortchanged minority is bypassed as collateral damage. Again, by saying that an act is ethically legitimate depending on its ability to benefit the greatest number of people is to reduce moral duties to a matter of popularity. This means that (the observation of) moral duty such as telling the truth and doing honest business is no longer an absolute or really necessary. Even though Emanuel Kant advances that people